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The CEQA initial study: Appendix G, negative declarations and mitigated negative declarations

A CEQA initial study is the lead agency's preliminary analysis of whether a project may have a significant environmental effect[1]. It leads to a negative declaration if there is no substantial evidence of one, a mitigated negative declaration (MND) if revisions the applicant accepts clearly avoid it[2], or an environmental impact report (EIR) if there is[3].

By Ilya Volodarsky. 17 sources, last read on . This page explains the law; it is not legal advice.

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    ePlan vs. by hand

    How ePlan compares to drafting an Initial Study by hand

    The same document, two ways to a first draft.

    ComparedePlan.aiBy hand
    Starting pointePlan.aiA reference initial study from an analog project the research agent finds, for example on CEQAnetBy handCopy a past initial study and rewrite it by hand
    Precedent researchePlan.aiA research agent searches agency project pages, CEQAnet, the Federal Register, eCFR and EPA's EIS database for your project and up to two analog projectsBy handSearching each agency site and PDF library by hand
    Missing factsePlan.aiLeft as highlighted [INSERT: …] placeholders for you to fillBy handTracked by hand in comments or a separate list
    Cost to startePlan.aiScoping letters are free. EAs, EIRs and decision memos are on Max at $199 a monthBy handStaff or consultant hours for every draft

    ePlan.ai as of October 2026. “By hand” means a Word template, past documents and agency PDFs. Your team reviews, edits and signs every draft.

    What is the CEQA Appendix G checklist?

    Appendix G is the CEQA Guidelines' sample checklist; with each entry briefly explained, it can serve as the initial study[1]. Agencies may tailor it and should consider impacts it does not list. Its questions are not necessarily thresholds of significance[5].

    Each question gets one of four answers: potentially significant, less than significant with mitigation, less than significant, or no impact. Explain each briefly, covering off-site, cumulative, indirect and construction impacts. The topics[5]:

    • Aesthetics, agriculture and forestry resources, air quality, biological resources, cultural resources
    • Energy, geology and soils, greenhouse gas emissions, hazards and hazardous materials, hydrology and water quality
    • Land use and planning, mineral resources, noise, population and housing, public services
    • Recreation, transportation, tribal cultural resources, utilities and service systems, wildfire
    • Mandatory findings of significance

    How long is the public review period for an MND?

    At least 20 days, or 30 through the State Clearinghouse[6][7]. The proposed MND circulates with the initial study[9] under a notice of intent to adopt[10]. An MND substantially revised after notice, for example with new mitigation, is recirculated[11].

    Example: San Bernardino County's MND for the Hume SoCal Campground expansion (SCH 2025110453) would grow a 107-acre camp near Green Valley Lake to 252.1 acres. The first MND, for about 3,000 campers and staff, was in state review from November 12, 2025 to January 16, 2026. A second, for about 2,400, has a state review period from September 30 to October 30, 2026[12][13].

    The mitigation monitoring and reporting program (MMRP)

    The decision-making body adopts an MND only if the whole record shows no substantial evidence of a significant effect[14]. It also adopts an MMRP, and each measure must be fully enforceable through permit conditions, agreements or other means[15]. The agency stays responsible even if it delegates monitoring[16].

    When is an EIR required instead of an MND?

    If a fair argument backed by substantial evidence shows the project may have a significant effect, the agency must prepare an EIR, even if other evidence says it will not[3][17]. Any potentially significant impact left on the Appendix G form at the determination means an EIR[5].

    Substantial evidence means facts, reasonable assumptions from facts, and expert opinion backed by facts, not argument, speculation or public controversy. When such experts disagree, the agency treats the effect as significant[3].

    Outline

    Initial study checklist: the sections

    From Guidelines section 15063(d) and Appendix G, and briefer than an EIR[1][5]. Exempt projects need none; see CEQA exemptions.

    1. Project information and description

      Title, lead agency, location, sponsor, plan and zoning, and the whole action, including later phases[5].

    2. Environmental setting

      Surrounding land uses and setting, briefly[1][5].

    3. Other approvals and tribal consultation

      Other required approvals, and whether tribes asked to consult under Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1[5].

    4. Environmental factors potentially affected

      Topics with at least one potentially significant impact, checked on the form[5].

    5. Determination

      The signed choice: negative declaration, MND, EIR, focused EIR, or reliance on an earlier document[5].

    6. Evaluation of environmental impacts

      Each question answered with a brief explanation, the threshold used and any mitigation[5].

    7. Mitigation measures

      Ways to mitigate each significant effect, and how each brings it below significance[1][5].

    8. Mandatory findings of significance

      Potential to substantially degrade the environment, cumulatively considerable impacts, and substantial adverse effects on human beings[5].

    9. Plan consistency, sources and preparers

      Consistency with zoning and plans, sources relied on, and preparers[1][5].

    Sources

    Where each statement comes from

    Show all 17 sources
    1. [1]CEQA Guidelines, 14 CCR § 15063: Initial Study. California Code of Regulations (Office of Administrative Law, Westlaw), December 28, 2018. Read October 2, 2026.
    2. [2]14 CCR § 15070 - Decision to Prepare a Negative or Mitigated Negative Declaration (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw). Read October 2, 2026.
    3. [3]CEQA Guidelines, 14 CCR § 15064: Determining the Significance of the Environmental Effects Caused by a Project. California Code of Regulations (Office of Administrative Law, Westlaw), December 28, 2018. Read October 2, 2026.
    4. [4]CEQA Guidelines, 14 CCR § 15084: Preparing the Draft EIR. California Code of Regulations (Office of Administrative Law, Westlaw). Read October 2, 2026.
    5. [5]14 CCR Div. 6, Ch. 3, Appendix G - Environmental Checklist Form (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw), December 28, 2018. Read October 2, 2026.
    6. [6]14 CCR § 15073 - Public Review of a Proposed Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw), July 27, 2007. Read October 2, 2026.
    7. [7]Public Resources Code § 21091 - Public review periods for EIRs and negative declarations. California Legislative Information, January 1, 2022. Read October 2, 2026.
    8. [8]14 CCR § 15075 - Notice of Determination on a Project for Which a Proposed Negative or Mitigated Negative Declaration Has Been Approved (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw), December 28, 2018. Read October 2, 2026.
    9. [9]14 CCR § 15071 - Contents (negative declaration) (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw), October 6, 2005. Read October 2, 2026.
    10. [10]14 CCR § 15072 - Notice of Intent to Adopt a Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw), December 28, 2018. Read October 2, 2026.
    11. [11]14 CCR § 15073.5 - Recirculation of a Negative Declaration Prior to Adoption (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw), October 6, 2005. Read October 2, 2026.
    12. [12]Hume SoCal Campground Expansion Project, MND received November 12, 2025 (SCH 2025110453). State Clearinghouse, CEQAnet, November 12, 2025. Read October 4, 2026.
    13. [13]Hume SoCal Campground Expansion Project, MND received September 30, 2026 (SCH 2025110453, document 3). State Clearinghouse, CEQAnet, September 30, 2026. Read October 4, 2026.
    14. [14]14 CCR § 15074 - Consideration and Adoption of a Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration (CEQA Guidelines). California Code of Regulations, Title 14 (Westlaw), July 27, 2007. Read October 2, 2026.
    15. [15]Public Resources Code § 21081.6 - Mitigation reporting or monitoring program. California Legislative Information, October 1, 1994. Read October 2, 2026.
    16. [16]CEQA Guidelines, 14 CCR § 15097: Mitigation Monitoring or Reporting. California Code of Regulations (Office of Administrative Law, Westlaw), September 7, 2004. Read October 2, 2026.
    17. [17]Cal. Public Resources Code § 21080 - Projects subject to CEQA; negative declarations; environmental impact reports. California Legislative Information (leginfo.legislature.ca.gov), September 17, 2025. Read October 2, 2026.

    Written by

    Ilya Volodarsky

    Ilya Volodarsky founded ePlan.ai. He co-founded Segment and is co-founder and CEO of Wildfires.org.

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